before Troy

Ăgămemnon, ŏnis, m. (nom. Agamemno, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 47; Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 17; Stat. Achill. 1, 553), = Agamemnôn, king of Mycenœ, son of Atreus and of Aërope, brother of Menelaüs, husband of Clytœmnestra, father of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra, commander-in-chief of the Grecian forces before Troy, and murdered by his wife, with the aid of Ægisthus, her paramour. — Poet., for his time:

vixēre fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 25 - 28.—Hence,

Ăgămemnŏnĭdēs, ae, patr. m., = Agamemnonidês, a male descendant of Agamemnon; his son Orestes:

par Agamemnonidae crimen,

i. e. the matricide of Orestes, Juv. 8, 215.—

Ăgămem-nŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Agamemnonios, of or pertaining to Agamemnon ( poet.):

phalanges,

i. e. the Grecian troops before Troy, commanded by Agamemnon, Verg. A. 6, 489:

Mycenae,

ruled by Agamemnon, id. ib. 6, 838:

Orestes,

son of Agamemnon, id. ib. 4, 471: puella, daughter of Agamemnon, i. e. Iphigenia, Prop. 5, 1, 111.

Ăgămemnon, ŏnis, m. (nom. Agamemno, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 47; Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 17; Stat. Achill. 1, 553), = Agamemnôn, king of Mycenœ, son of Atreus and of Aërope, brother of Menelaüs, husband of Clytœmnestra, father of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra, commander-in-chief of the Grecian forces before Troy, and murdered by his wife, with the aid of Ægisthus, her paramour. — Poet., for his time:

vixēre fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 25 - 28.—Hence,

Ăgămemnŏnĭdēs, ae, patr. m., = Agamemnonidês, a male descendant of Agamemnon; his son Orestes:

par Agamemnonidae crimen,

i. e. the matricide of Orestes, Juv. 8, 215.—

Ăgămem-nŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Agamemnonios, of or pertaining to Agamemnon ( poet.):

phalanges,

i. e. the Grecian troops before Troy, commanded by Agamemnon, Verg. A. 6, 489:

Mycenae,

ruled by Agamemnon, id. ib. 6, 838:

Orestes,

son of Agamemnon, id. ib. 4, 471: puella, daughter of Agamemnon, i. e. Iphigenia, Prop. 5, 1, 111.

Ăgămemnon, ŏnis, m. (nom. Agamemno, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 47; Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 17; Stat. Achill. 1, 553), = Agamemnôn, king of Mycenœ, son of Atreus and of Aërope, brother of Menelaüs, husband of Clytœmnestra, father of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra, commander-in-chief of the Grecian forces before Troy, and murdered by his wife, with the aid of Ægisthus, her paramour. — Poet., for his time:

vixēre fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 25 - 28.—Hence,

Ăgămemnŏnĭdēs, ae, patr. m., = Agamemnonidês, a male descendant of Agamemnon; his son Orestes:

par Agamemnonidae crimen,

i. e. the matricide of Orestes, Juv. 8, 215.—

Ăgămem-nŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Agamemnonios, of or pertaining to Agamemnon ( poet.):

phalanges,

i. e. the Grecian troops before Troy, commanded by Agamemnon, Verg. A. 6, 489:

Mycenae,

ruled by Agamemnon, id. ib. 6, 838:

Orestes,

son of Agamemnon, id. ib. 4, 471: puella, daughter of Agamemnon, i. e. Iphigenia, Prop. 5, 1, 111.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

* * *

Ăchaeus, i, m.

Son of Xuthus, brother of Ion, and ancestor of the Achaei. —

A king of Lydia, Ov. Ib. 301.

Ăchaeus, a, um, adj., = Achaios.

Belonging to Achaia; subst., an Achaean:

Achaeis in finibus,

Lucr. 6, 1114; Liv. 35, 13.—

In gen., Grecian; subst., a Greek (v. Achaia, II.), Juv. 3, 61; Stat. Th. 2, 164; Plin. 4, 7, 14.—

An inhabitant of a Greek colony on the Black Sea, Ov. Pont. 4, 10, 27.—

Portus Achaeorum, the harbor [p. 22] before Troy, where the Greeks landed, Plin. 4, 12, 26.

Ălastor, ŏris, m., = alastôr (a tormentor).

One of the companions of Sarpedon, king of Lycia, killed by Ulysses before Troy, Ov. M. 13, 257.—

Name of one of the four horses in the chariot of Pluto, Cland. R. Pros. 1, 284.

Andraemōn, ŏnis, m., = Andraimôn.

The father of Amphissus and husband of Dryope, who was changed into a lotus, Ov. M. 9, 333; 9, 363.—

Andraemōn or Andrēmon, ŏnis, m., father of Thoas, a combatant before Troy, Ov. M. 13, 357; cf. Hom. Il. 2, 638.

Andraemōn, ŏnis, m., = Andraimôn.

The father of Amphissus and husband of Dryope, who was changed into a lotus, Ov. M. 9, 333; 9, 363.—

Andraemōn or Andrēmon, ŏnis, m., father of Thoas, a combatant before Troy, Ov. M. 13, 357; cf. Hom. Il. 2, 638.

Căphāreus or Căphēreus (trisyl.), ei, m., = Kaphareus, a rocky promontory on the southern coast of Eubœa, where the homeward-bound fleet of the Greeks was wrecked, being misled by Nauplius, king of the island, and father of Palamedes, who had been slain before Troy; now Capo del Oro, or Xylofago, Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 260; Hyg. Fab. 116; Ov. M. 14, 472; 14, 481.— Gr. acc. Căphārĕă, Ov. M. 14, 472; id. Tr. 1, 1, 83; voc. Caphareu, Val. Fl. 1, 371.—Form Caphereus, Verg. A. 11, 260; Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64.—

Derivv.

Căphārēus, a, um (four syll.), adj., = Kaphêreios, of Caphareus:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 36.—Scanned Căphārĕa;

saxa,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 39; Hyg. Fab. 116.—

Căphā-ris, ĭdis, f. adj., = Kaphêris, of Caphareus:

petrae,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 805.

Căphāreus or Căphēreus (trisyl.), ei, m., = Kaphareus, a rocky promontory on the southern coast of Eubœa, where the homeward-bound fleet of the Greeks was wrecked, being misled by Nauplius, king of the island, and father of Palamedes, who had been slain before Troy; now Capo del Oro, or Xylofago, Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 260; Hyg. Fab. 116; Ov. M. 14, 472; 14, 481.— Gr. acc. Căphārĕă, Ov. M. 14, 472; id. Tr. 1, 1, 83; voc. Caphareu, Val. Fl. 1, 371.—Form Caphereus, Verg. A. 11, 260; Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64.—

Derivv.

Căphārēus, a, um (four syll.), adj., = Kaphêreios, of Caphareus:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 36.—Scanned Căphārĕa;

saxa,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 39; Hyg. Fab. 116.—

Căphā-ris, ĭdis, f. adj., = Kaphêris, of Caphareus:

petrae,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 805.

Căphāreus or Căphēreus (trisyl.), ei, m., = Kaphareus, a rocky promontory on the southern coast of Eubœa, where the homeward-bound fleet of the Greeks was wrecked, being misled by Nauplius, king of the island, and father of Palamedes, who had been slain before Troy; now Capo del Oro, or Xylofago, Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 260; Hyg. Fab. 116; Ov. M. 14, 472; 14, 481.— Gr. acc. Căphārĕă, Ov. M. 14, 472; id. Tr. 1, 1, 83; voc. Caphareu, Val. Fl. 1, 371.—Form Caphereus, Verg. A. 11, 260; Mel. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64.—

Derivv.

Căphārēus, a, um (four syll.), adj., = Kaphêreios, of Caphareus:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 36.—Scanned Căphārĕa;

saxa,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 39; Hyg. Fab. 116.—

Căphā-ris, ĭdis, f. adj., = Kaphêris, of Caphareus:

petrae,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 805.